Void

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Term Definition
Void
Of no legal effect, not valid or legally binding, as invalid from the outset.

Void (Thailand Civil and Commercial Code section 150)

Void means a juristic act that has no legal effect from the outset (invalid ab initio). Under Section 150 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code (CCC), an act is void when its object is prohibited by law, impossible, or contrary to public order or good morals. A void act cannot be made valid later; any interested person may invoke its nullity at any time.

Example of a void act (section 150)

A contract to sell a substance that is illegal in Thailand, or a contract whose performance is inherently impossible, is void. The law treats it as if it never existed; parties revert under unjust-enrichment rules where appropriate.

Contrast: voidable (defects in consent)

A voidable juristic act remains effective unless and until the protected party rescinds it (e.g., contracts induced by mistake, fraud, or duress). Voidable acts can also be affirmed/ratified and then remain binding.

Void vs. Voidable (Thai law)
Feature Void (section 150) Voidable (consent defects)
Legal effect No effect from the start Effective until avoided by the protected party
Who can raise it Any interested person; court may take notice Only the protected party (or representative)
Can it be cured? No (cannot be validated) Yes (affirmation/ratification)
Typical grounds Illegal, impossible, or against public order/good morals Mistake, fraud, duress, or capacity issues
After-effects Unjust-enrichment principles may apply Rescission restores parties; protections for good-faith third parties may apply

See also: Thai Civil & Commercial Code (juristic acts), Clauses against public order or good morals.

Synonyms: section 150